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was  that death never occurred until the spinal column collapsed. 
No treatment could be found even to prolong the agony by an hour. 
This being recognised,  sufferers were thrown from the cliffs  at 
the  first  sign of the malady.  In this way too were  all  other 
corpses disposed.  It was the most honourable death possible, for 
becoming  'bread from heaven' for the serviles,  they were  again 
worked  up into Zro itself,  a transmutation which in their  view 
would  be  well  worth all the "resurrections of  the  body"  and 
"immortalities of the soul" of the theoretical, dogmatic, hearsay 
religions.   So  much  then  concerning  Zro,   and  the  matters 
immediately connected with it.
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                               IV.
                        OF THE SO CALLED
                    MAGIC OF THE ATLANTEANS.
   Magic in Atlas was a 'Science of Sciences'.  It was the  final 
integration   of  all  knowledge.   In  method  its  theory   was 
differentiation,  and  in theory its method was integration.  For 
example,   the   fifth  of  the  great   philosophers   indicated 
"Everything  is  Zro" to the Keeper of the Speech at  the  annual 
sacrifice.  This  in spite of the fact that in that very year two 
new forms of Zro had been discovered by that same philosopher. It 
was the third of the galaxy who announced "The ultimate  analysis 
of sensation is pain;  that of thought,  madness;  that of super-
consciousness  (a state of trance induced by Zro and valued above 
all things) annihilation."
   His  successor  had  retorted  that in  this  was  implicit  a 
postulate that pain,  madness and annihilation were  undesirable. 
The  third  admitted  that  he  had  so  meant  his  phrase,  but 
destroying  the postulate,  still stuck to it.  All this was  the 
foundation   of  much  magical  theory,   and  on  these   purely 
psychological  researches was based the whole  magical  practice. 
'There  is  no  God'  was a commonplace.  It  only  implied  that 
the  mind  was  wrong to try to conceive within it  what  was  by 
definition without it.  To set limits to anything whatever seemed 
to  them the greatest of crimes,  the exact opposite of the  true 
path to the Sun.
   The  practical  side  of magic was for the most  part  a  mere 
utilization  of  known  forces,  such as are employed  by  modern 
science.  But  the  resources  of Atlas were as  great,  and  the 
advantages  incomparably  greater.  The whole archipelago  was  a 
laboratory.  There  was  no question of the 'cost  of  research'; 
every man was devoted to it.  Every man thought only of the  main 
problem  'How to reach Venus' and its  sub-issues.  Further,  the 
main  laws  of magic had always been found to govern and  include 
chemical and physical laws.
   In  the early days of colonization Zro was only known  in  its 
crude state;  it was the genius of a single man that obtained the 
third  state  in its purity.  From this state to the  seventh  it 
moved  almost of itself,  very much as radium does.  The  genius, 
having  sufficient  in this seventh  state,  made  a  sword,  and 
completed in three days the subjugation of the servile races.  It 
was  a stroke of fortune,  this quickness,  for on the fourth day